A hydrocarbon derivative can be formed by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon by a functional group, which contains at least one atom of an element other than carbon or hydrogen. Alcohols are the family of compounds that contain one or more hydroxyl (-OH) groups attached to a single bonded alkane. –in alcohols, a hydroxyl group is connected to a carbon atom. The first one has the alkyl group and the other has the hydroxyl group. Compounds like alcohols and phenol which contain an -OH group attached to a hydrocarbon are very weak acids. The functional group of an alcohol is the hydroxyl group, –OH. –in phenols, —OH is connected to a benzene ring. Organic Functional Groups: Aldehydes, ketones, 1° alcohols, etc. Unlike the alkyl halides, this group has two reactive covalent bonds, the C–O bond and the O–H bond. Chapter 3 Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers 2 3 Alcohols 4 The Hydroxy (—OH) Functional Group •The hydroxyl group (—OH) is found in the alcohol and phenol functional groups. The properties of hydrocarbon derivatives are determined largely by the functional group. Functional Groups are the substituent atoms or group of atoms that attach to a molecule and enable them to participate in specific chemical reactions. Nomenclature. (Indonesian & Polish Translations of this page) Organic chemistry is dominated by the "functional group approach", where organic molecules are deemed to be constructed from:An inert hydrocarbon skeleton onto which functional groups (FGs) are attached or superimposed. Alcohols with a smaller hydrocarbon chain are very soluble. The Boiling Point of Alcohols. Because OH is the functional group of all alcohols, we often represent alcohols by the general formula ROH, where R is an alkyl group. Alcohols are organic compounds where a hydroxyl group replaces the hydrogen atom of an aliphatic carbon. However, phenol is sufficiently acidic for it to have recognizably acidic properties - even if it is still a very weak acid. The alcohol functional group: Alcohols are characterized by the presence of an -OH group, which is generally in a bent shape, like that of water. As the length of the hydrocarbon chain increases, the solubility in water decreases. Alcohols. This is due to the hydroxyl group in the alcohol which is able to form hydrogen bons with water molecules. ; The carbon attached to OH define if an alcohol is “primary”, “secondary”, or “tertiary”. The –OH group is the functional group of an alcohol. Most of the common alcohols are colourless liquids at room temperature. of organic compounds. Physical Properties of Alcohol: Hydrogen Bonding, Solubility, and Boiling Point February 4, 2018 By Leah4sci Leave a Comment The key to understanding physical properties of alcohol, including hydrogen bonding solubility and boiling point is to understand the structure and charge distribution within the alcohol functional group. The higher alcohols—those containing 4 to 10 carbon atoms—are somewhat viscous, or oily, and they have heavier fruity odours. Thanks for A to A Alcohols Introduction * The hydrocarbon chains that attached with a hydroxyl group, OH- to a carbon atom are known as alcohols. Key Facts & Summary. The alcohols are a homologous series. Their names all end in -ol. Some prominent physical and chemical properties of alcohols are given below. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with Lidocaine injection. Physical Properties of Alcohol 1. Functional groups include hydroxyl, methyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, phosphate, and sulfhydryl. In a tertiary (3°) alcohol, the carbon atom holding the -OH group is attached directly to three alkyl groups, which may be any combination of same or different. Structure and Physical Properties of Alcohols The structure of an alcohol is similar to that of water, as it has a bent shape. 2. chemical compounds that contain both an amine -NH2 functional group and a carboxylic acid -COOH functional group 3. complex molecules constructed from long chains of amino acids polymerized together 4. the linking of smaller molecules to form long chain molecules of high molecular weight Alcohols are so weakly acidic that, for normal lab purposes, their acidity can be virtually ignored. Functional groups, including alcohol hydroxyl group, phenolic hydroxyl group, carbonyl group, carboxyl group, methoxyl, and sulfonic acid, are important structural characteristics of lignin. Alcohol molecules all contain the hydroxyl (-OH) functional group. Examples: Physical properties of alcohols. Physical Properties of Alcohol. They all contain the functional group –OH , which is responsible for the properties of alcohols. Some of the highly branched alcohols and many alcohols containing more than 12 … Alcohols are common in nature. Thus, an alcohol molecule consists of two parts. Alcohols generally have higher boiling points in comparison to other hydrocarbons having equal molecular masses. Methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, and isopropyl alcohol are free-flowing liquids with fruity odours. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutical aid, and in perfumery and flavoring. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality. The alcohol functional group hydroxyl is an -OH group.